What is SAP Calculation and EPC

- SAP is the shortened form of Standard Assessment Procedure and is used to assess a dwelling's energy performance.

- Approved Document Part L and Section 6 of the Scottish Building Standards require an SAP calculation to be carried out to demonstrate compliance with energy performance requirements.

SAP calculations are also required to demonstrate energy performance in the Sustainability benchmarks such as the Code for Sustainable Homes and in some planning conditions.

- The earlier the better. DER/TER calculations need to be submitted to building control before work starts on site, however getting them done further in advance will allow for the energy efficiency of the dwelling to be considered whilst it is being designed ensuring a cost effective solution to compliance is achieved.

- EPC stands for Energy Performance Certificate and shows a dwelling's energy efficiency and CO2 emissions. An EPC will also have recommendations on how to improve the property's energy performance.

- Every dwelling for sale requires an EPC to demonstrate the energy performance of the dwelling. We provide EPCs for new build properties only.

- An EPC for new build dwellings is an "As-Built" certificate so the dwelling should be near completion before the EPC is issued. If the dwelling is in a suitable state for an air leakage test to occur then an EPC can be issued.

- SAP is generally a term that describes the design stage DER/TER (Dwelling Emission Rate/Target Emission Rate) Calculation, an Energy Performance Certificate is calculated from an As-Built SAP and represents the dwelling as constructed included an air test result.

- SAP calculations and EPCs require drawings of the dwelling (floor plans, elevations, sections and site plan) as well as a build specification. An EPC will also need an air test result either for the specific or similar dwelling.

- We charge retrospectively for SAP and EPC calculations which means you won't pay for them until they are complete. An account with NHBC is required for retrospective billing.

- SAP calculations submitted for building control should demonstrate the performance of all the dwellings on the site. Due to the number of items that will cause the calculation to vary, a large proportion of the dwellings will require an SAP assessment and builders often have an SAP for every dwelling.  This also helps with a plot specific Predicted Energy Assessment (PEA) and also Code for Sustainable Homes assessments.

- Thermal bridging occurs where insulation cannot be continued. Non linear repeating thermal bridges are caused by wall ties and timber battens etc, and is taken into account in the u-value calculations. Linear thermal bridges occur where two different elements occur such as corners and where the ground floor meets the external wall.

-Accredited construction details are a set of drawings that show how to build specific details in a dwelling to reduce thermal bridging. Building to them will result in lower heat losses through thermal bridging and lower your Dwelling Emission Rate. Other details exist that will allow you to reduce your DER further and your Energy Assessor will be able to help.

- The party wall bypass is where heat escapes from a dwelling through the cavity party wall between dwellings. The heat loss can be prevented by filling and sealing the cavity.

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SAP Calculations in London

The Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP Calculation) is the UK Government’s approved methodology for calculating the energy performance of new built of converted dwellings.
For compliance with Building Regulations PART L 2010, SAP calculations are required for all new dwellings together with the ones that have been created through material changes of use involving building work and extensions over certain sizes (consult with your building control authority for this requirement).
A SAP EPC report is generated through the use of Government Approved software and technical calculations to produce a Predicted Energy Assessment (PEA) and an On Construction Energy Performance Certificate (OCEPC) both of which are reports evaluated from the supporting SAP Calculations. 
The indications of energy performance are energy consumption per unit floor area, an energy cost rating ( the SAP Rating), an environmental impact rating based on CO2 emissions and a Dwelling CO2 Emission Rate (DER).
The SAP rating reflects on the dwelling’s energy costs associated with space heating, water heating, ventilation and lighting minus the cost savings from energy generation technologies. The SAP report is expressed on a scale of 1 to 100.

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About SAP Calculation

What is a SAP Calculation?

SAP is the Governments 'Standard Assessment Procedure' for energy rating of dwellings. It is a compulsory component in complying with the Building Regulations for new dwellings and where existing buildings are converted to dwellings.

SAP provides a simple means of reliably estimating the energy efficiency performance of dwellings. SAP ratings are expressed on a scale of 1 to 100 the higher the number the better the rating. Thus SAP is similar to the fuel consumption of a car under standard driving conditions.

How is it calculated?

SAP is calculated by a procedure contained in the Building Regulations, which predicts heating, and hot water costs. These depend on the insulation and air tightness of the house and the efficiency and control of the heating system.

SAP programs are used to enter data on the size of the house, its insulation levels, it ventilation system and its heating and hot water systems. SAP rating can then submitted for Building Regulations approval and is checked by the local Building Control department.

The first part of the SAP calculations involves calculating a Target Energy Rating (TER) for the dwelling. The next step in the SAP report process is to calculate the Dwelling Emission Rate (DER). If this is equal to or less than the TER then the SAP rating shows a pass and the SAP calculations are complete.

If the DER is not equal to or less than the TER then we will liase with you and suggest changes that will improve the DER to ensure that the SAP calculations show a pass.

What is the difference between a SAP calculation and an Energy Performance Certificate?

The SAP calculation is the method used for demonstrating compliance with the Building Regulations whereas the Energy Performance Certificate enables the end user of the building to see how Energy Efficient the building is. The Energy Performance certificate is very easy to understand at first glance whereas the SAP Calculation contains a lot of detailed calculations and figures.

The two are linked though as the Energy Performance Certificate is calculated using the information contained within the SAP calculation.

At what point should the SAP calculation be undertaken?

It is recommended that a Design SAP calculation be carried out at early design stage to check that the building will comply with the carbon emission requirements contained within the calculation. If the requirement is not met then changes will need to be made to achieve compliance. An ‘As Built' calculation will then be required at the end of the project. 

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